There are 3 states of matter. Solid, Liquid and gases.
Solid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume and shape; liquid is the state in which matter maintains a fixed volume but adapts to the shape of its container; and gas is the state in which matter expands to occupy whatever volume is available.
Let us learn about solid and its properties.
A solid has definite shape and size. In order to change the shape or size of a body, a force is required. If you stretch a helical spring by gently pulling its ends, the length of the spring increases slightly. When you leave the ends of the spring, it regains its original size and shape.The property of a body, by virtue of which it tends to regain its original size and shape when the applied force is removed, is known as elasticity and the deformation caused is known as elastic deformation.
Let us study about "ELASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF SOLIDS".
We know that in a solid, each atom or molecule is surrounded by neighbouring atoms or molecules. These are bonded together by interatomic or intermolecular forces and stay in a stable equilibrium position. When a solid is deformed, the atoms or molecules are displaced from their equilibrium positions causing a change in the interatomic distances.When the deforming force is removed, the interatomic forces tend to drive them back to their original positions. Thus the body regains its original shape and size. The restoring mechanism can be visualised by taking a model of spring-ball system shown below.Here the balls represent atoms and springs represent interatomic forces.
If you try to displace any ball from its
equilibrium position, the spring system tries to
restore the ball back to its original position. Thus elastic behaviour of solids can be explained in terms of microscopic nature of the solid.
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